Bronze Age

The Bronze Age in the Indian Subcontinent began around 5,300 years ago with the early Indus Valley Civilization (including cities like Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Kalibanga). It was centered on the Indus river and its tributaries which extended into the Ghaggar-Hakra river valley, the Ganga-Yamuna Doab, Gujarat, and southeastern Afghanistan. The civilization is mainly in modern day India and Pakistan.

The first cities in the subcontinent were in the first indus valley civilization. It is one of the world's largest and earliest urban civilisations, with Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.

Inhabitants of the ancient indus river valley, the Harappans, developed new techniques in metallurgy and handicraft and product like copper, bronze, lead and tin.

During the later period of this civilisation sign of a gradual decline began to emerge. About 3,700 years ago, most of the cities were abandoned. However, the indus valley civilization did not disappear suddenly. Some parts of the indus civilization may have survived in the similar villages and isolated farms.